At the core of this example are the fundamental challenges we face in flexible goal-directed learning. Instead, family-oriented features such as whether or not a home has a bathtub, is within walking distance to a park, and is in a well-respected school district may matter more resulting in a reorganization of which homes are a good buy. After pouring through parenting books and web forums to learn what makes for a child-friendly home, they may look at those previously seen potential homes in a different light. However, with the news of a baby on the way, the couple’s goals are likely to shift. A young couple seeking a cosmopolitan lifestyle may organize potential houses based on trendy features like exposed brick walls, a wet bar, and room for vintage record collections. One must learn which features make for the most desirable home. For instance, consider purchasing a home.

When goals change, previously experienced events may be organized in new ways, resulting in an updated concept that highlights the features most critical to the new goal. Goals are critical to shaping concepts, by emphasizing some shared features over others. Based on these findings, we propose that when task goals change, object representations in HPC can be organized in new ways, resulting in updated concepts that highlight the features most critical to the new goal.Ĭoncepts are organizing principles that define how items or events are similar to one another. Moreover, we show that during early learning, when concept updating is most consequential, HPC is functionally coupled with prefrontal regions. Using representational similarity analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we demonstrate that neural representations in left anterior HPC correspond with model predictions of concept organization. We used a computational learning model to capture how people attended to goal-relevant features and organized object representations based on those features during learning. Participants learned two classification tasks in which successful learning required attention to different stimulus features, thus providing a means to index how representations of individual stimuli are reorganized according to changing task goals. Here, our aim is to determine how hippocampal (HPC) object representations are organized and updated to reflect changing conceptual knowledge. Often, new goals require updating conceptual knowledge to reflect relationships based on different goal-relevant features. Concepts organize the relationship among individual stimuli or events by highlighting shared features.

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